What is Autism? A Guide for Support and Care
7 min read
Receiving an autism diagnosis can feel overwhelming and even scary. It doesn’t have to, though. Armed with an understanding of the disorder, as well as tips from occupational therapists, you can offer your child the support they need.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition. It impacts how a person communicates, interacts with others and experiences the world around them. Because autism is a spectrum, it looks different in each person. Some kids may struggle to make eye contact or engage in conversation, while others might have intense interests or engage in repetitive behaviors.
No matter your role, understanding autism is the first step to offering the right support.
Early Signs of Autism
Autism indicators often appear in early childhood, around age 2 or 3 years old, although it is possible for them to emerge either earlier or later. Some of the most common early signs of autism include:
If you notice any of these signs in your child or have concerns, it’s important to speak to their pediatrician or a developmental specialist for an autism evaluation. They may or may not fall somewhere on the autism spectrum, however early support can make a very big difference for a child.
Impacts of Autism on Learning & Play
Traditional learning and play settings can pose challenges for kids with autism. Their struggle with making eye contact and conversation often makes it hard for them to play with others. Instead, a child with autism might prefer to play alone, where they don’t have to engage in uncomfortable social interactions. They frequently don’t understand social cues, such as when to take turns in a game, which can make other children not want to play with them.
Co-occurring sensory sensitivities can make group activities feel overwhelming, because they cannot control what other kids are doing. Classroom routines might feel too rigid or not stimulating enough for a child with autism. Transitions are often very difficult, leading to sensory meltdowns. Sudden or unexpected changes can cause stress, frustration and anxiety, especially if they were not ready for the transition. With the right tools and support, your child can still thrive.
How to Support Someone With Autism
Support at home and at school can look different, but it always starts with understanding. Take the time to learn about your child’s specific needs and preferences before implementing strategies. After that, try these practical strategies:
1. Establish predictable routines
Predictability and consistency promote a sense of security, because kids aren’t worried about what might happen next. This is especially important for kids with autism, who may fixate on a specific way of doing things. Visual schedules and timers are great reminders for the routine.
2. Use clear and simple communication
Long sentences can be difficult for a child with language difficulties to understand. Keep communication short and concise. Images, gestures and other visual aids can help support communication, especially for minimally verbal or nonverbal kids.
3. Offer sensory support
Sensory input is a powerful tool that can be calming or alerting. Pay attention to the types of input your child seeks out and offer it to them during transitions or when they are dysregulated.
4. Encourage special interests
Many children with autism have a passion for a specific topic. Lean into this and use their special interest as a bridge for learning and connection. Read books, go on trips and do arts and crafts around these topics to engage your child more deeply.
5. Be patient with social skills
Social interactions can be difficult to navigate on the best of days. Kids with autism who might not pick up on tone of voice, facial expressions or body language will probably need more time to grow accustomed to social situations. Model appropriate behaviors, play cooperative games and use role play to practice social skills.
6. Celebrate small wins
Just like people, achievements come in all shapes and sizes. Celebrate every win, no matter how small it may seem. This helps kids build up confidence and motivation!
7. Create an inclusive environment
Teaching other children about autism promotes greater inclusion and kindness, whether at home or in school. Incorporate activities to encourage empathy and understanding, and talk about sensory differences to reduce stigma. Utilize sensory tools and strategies to make the physical environment more inclusive, too.
Recommended Tools & Products for Autism
There are many sensory tools that support autism. Fun and Function’s occupational therapists designed a wide range of products to help your child thrive. Here are some of our favorites:
1. The Original Weighted Compression Vest™
Steady proprioceptive input and calming deep pressure helps reduce stress and impulsive behaviors that kids with autism may display.
2. Noise Reduction Headphones
Your child can easily slip these on to lower background noise, while still being able to participate in conversations around them.
3. Social Skills Board Games
Play these games at home or in the classroom to teach kids to work together. Choose one of the six games to target a different issue, such as morals, manners, empathy, friendship, showing emotions and managing emotions.
4. Emotion Cushions
Teach children with autism to recognize what facial expressions mean and how to articulate their own feelings.
5. Peace in a Pod®
Ease transitions for your child with relaxing deep pressure input. Wrap them up in the pea pod and place the gently weighted peas along their body for extra calming stimulation.
6. Stick-On Fidget Brushes
Encourage your child to focus with this quiet, discreet fidget tool that they can run their fingers through. It’s a great way to offer them tactile stimulation and won’t disrupt their class.
Autism FAQs
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental condition that impacts communication, behavior and social interactions. It is called a spectrum because it includes a wide range of symptoms and abilities.
How is autism diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a team of doctors and developmental specialists. They look at behavior and development, and sometimes use certain tests or checklists.
What causes autism?
Autism does not have a single specific cause. Genetics and environmental factors can play a big role.
Is autism genetic?
Yes, autism can run in families, however scientists are still researching which genes are involved.
What is the difference between autism and Asperger’s?
Asperger’s is now considered part of the autism spectrum, although it used to be a separate diagnosis. People with Asperger’s often have very strong language skills, but struggle in social situations.
How common is autism?
According to recent studies, approximately 1 in 31 children are diagnosed with autism in the US.
Whether you are new to autism or looking for fresh ideas, you are not alone. There is a strong autism community out there! In addition, you can always contact our team for support and guidance along the way.
Curious what other tools are available to help? Check out our full range of autism-friendly sensory tools.
Leave a comment